The main theme in this year was the schema and conflict Psychotherapy weeks juxtaposed term from cognitive behavioral therapy and psychodynamic theory.
Reflecting on other concepts has long been part of the Lindau Psychotherapy Weeks program. This year, in the main theme of both weeks, concept from cognitive behavioral therapy and psychodynamic theories were juxtaposed with one another and the aim was to “build paradigmatic bridges”, as Prof. Dr. med. Manfred Cierpka, Heidelberg, said at the beginning. Lectures on the main topic and on updating problems in various forms of therapy worked out similarities and differences and encouraged people to develop, critically question and deepen their own positions.
Patience and Abstinence
Is there such thing as psychotherapeutic identity? In the opening lecture, Prof. em. Dr. med. Gerd Rudolf, Heidelberg, patience and abstinence as characteristics of therapeutic identity. Many therapists are familiar with difficulties in building relationships from their own family experiences, 46 percent of analytical psychotherapists and 27 percent of behavioral therapists have completed psychotherapy themselves. In addition, revolutionary gesture - “psychotherapy as subversion and enlightenment” -, the creation of counter-worlds and commitment to victims of society, for example in trauma therapy, can help to establish identity. Together with the philosopher Wilhelm Schmid, Rudolf pleads not to fall into an “identity hysteria”, but to allow contradictions to apply. Understood in this way, identity is not straitjacket, but an open psychological development space, long-term goal and utopia. What makes good therapist? According to Rudolf, helpful attitudes and “therapeutic antidepressants” are “gratitude, humor, forgiveness, friendliness, acceptance”. In addition to reliable inventory of interventions, therapists should be able to endure the negative states of others and be able to “detoxify hostilities”.
Sigmund Freud stated in 1912: “The neurosis (...) cannot be slain in absentia or in effigy.” How gets So do you put them in therapy? This is what Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Grosse Holtforth, Bern, in his lecture on problem updating. More concise than the "Mr.
The main theme in this year was the schema and conflict Psychotherapy weeks juxtaposed term from cognitive behavioral therapy and psychodynamic theory.
Reflecting on other concepts has long been part of the Lindau Psychotherapy Weeks program. This year, in the main theme of both weeks, concept from cognitive behavioral therapy and psychodynamic theories were juxtaposed with one another and the aim was to “build paradigmatic bridges”, as Prof. Dr. med. Manfred Cierpka, Heidelberg, said at the beginning. Lectures on the main topic and on updating problems in various forms of therapy worked out similarities and differences and encouraged people to develop, critically question and deepen their own positions.
Patience and Abstinence
Is there such thing as psychotherapeutic identity? In the opening lecture, Prof. em. Dr. med. Gerd Rudolf, Heidelberg, patience and abstinence as characteristics of therapeutic identity. Many therapists are familiar with difficulties in building relationships from their own family experiences, 46 percent of analytical psychotherapists and 27 percent of behavioral therapists have completed psychotherapy themselves. In addition, revolutionary gesture - “psychotherapy as subversion and enlightenment” -, the creation of counter-worlds and commitment to victims of society, for example in trauma therapy, can help to establish identity. Together with the philosopher Wilhelm Schmid, Rudolf pleads not to fall into an “identity hysteria”, but to allow contradictions to apply. Understood in this way, identity is not straitjacket, but an open psychological development space, long-term goal and utopia. What makes good therapist? According to Rudolf, helpful attitudes and “therapeutic antidepressants” are “gratitude, humor, forgiveness, friendliness, acceptance”. In addition to reliable inventory of interventions, therapists should be able to endure the negative states of others and be able to “detoxify hostilities”.
Sigmund Freud stated in 1912: “The neurosis (...) cannot be slain in absentia or in effigy.” How gets So do you put them in therapy? This is what Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Grosse Holtforth, Bern, in his lecture on problem updating. More concise than the "Mr.Ramesh ”, the speaker can hardly say:“ The only way out is through. ”In the meantime, all procedures have agreed: Without updating the problem in the sense of an emotional experience, there is no lasting change. According to Grosse Holtforth, the initial situation is unsatisfactory at the beginning: Real experiences do not match motivational goals, for example in the areas of orientation, control, attachment, self-esteem enhancement and protection as well as pleasure and avoidance of discomfort. Updating the therapeutic relationship always takes resources into account and can be symbolic through words and images, direct confrontation, but also through action and movement (dance therapy) and physical experience, for example “focusing” and “felt sense” in body therapy.
Systemic therapy sees problem as communication contribution within problem system (H. Goolishian, H. Anderson 1988), as Dr. rer. nat. Ulrike Borst, Zurich, explains. In this perspective, it is assumed that we create our own experience. In order to escape "problem trance" it is necessary to change the focus and focus on something new. According to A. Toynbee and U. Oevermann, people develop through crises. According to Borst, question in the course of therapy can be: "What was the crisis good for?" Social systems are seen as self-organizing and autonomous, their behavior cannot be predicted.
To the true self find
The essential message of Gestalt therapy sums up Dr. med. Victor Chu, Neckargemünd, put it together: “The problem is there - here and now.” Using case report as an example, he describes how the suppression of problem can lead to “false self” (Winnicott) and “character armor” (Reich). The “gestalt” dialogue with the empty chair, the symbolic demarcation by rope and the symbolic return of load help client to find her way back to her true self and self-determined life. Ultimately, Chu sees his therapeutic work as “by-product of what one has learned as person”.
The conflict triangle by David Malan (1979) states that the current situation is “outside”, the transference in therapy and previous relationship experiences are related. Dr. med. According to Agnes Schneider-Heine, Munich, psychodynamic therapy brings to mind unresolved, central relationship conflicts as well as entangled, insecure and disorganized relationship styles. The problem is updated in the here and now of the transference relationship. Schneider-Heine sees negative transmission as an opportunity, and coping with it is crucial for the success of the therapy.Ramesh ”, the speaker can hardly say:“ The only way out is through. ”In the meantime, all procedures have agreed: Without updating the problem in the sense of an emotional experience, there is no lasting change. According to Grosse Holtforth, the initial situation is unsatisfactory at the beginning: Real experiences do not match motivational goals, for example in the areas of orientation, control, attachment, self-esteem enhancement and protection as well as pleasure and avoidance of discomfort. Updating the therapeutic relationship always takes resources into account and can be symbolic through words and images, direct confrontation, but also through action and movement (dance therapy) and physical experience, for example “focusing” and “felt sense” in body therapy.
Systemic therapy sees problem as communication contribution within problem system (H. Goolishian, H. Anderson 1988), as Dr. rer. nat. Ulrike Borst, Zurich, explains. In this perspective, it is assumed that we create our own experience. In order to escape "problem trance" it is necessary to change the focus and focus on something new. According to A. Toynbee and U. Oevermann, people develop through crises. According to Borst, question in the course of therapy can be: "What was the crisis good for?" Social systems are seen as self-organizing and autonomous, their behavior cannot be predicted.
To the true self find
The essential message of Gestalt therapy sums up Dr. med. Victor Chu, Neckargemünd, put it together: “The problem is there - here and now.” Using case report as an example, he describes how the suppression of problem can lead to “false self” (Winnicott) and “character armor” (Reich). The “gestalt” dialogue with the empty chair, the symbolic demarcation by rope and the symbolic return of load help client to find her way back to her true self and self-determined life. Ultimately, Chu sees his therapeutic work as “by-product of what one has learned as person”.
The conflict triangle by David Malan (1979) states that the current situation is “outside”, the transference in therapy and previous relationship experiences are related. Dr. med. According to Agnes Schneider-Heine, Munich, psychodynamic therapy brings to mind unresolved, central relationship conflicts as well as entangled, insecure and disorganized relationship styles. The problem is updated in the here and now of the transference relationship. Schneider-Heine sees negative transmission as an opportunity, and coping with it is crucial for the success of the therapy.
Update problems
Behavior therapy works with concrete and operationalized goals and focuses its attention on triggering and sustaining conditions, as Prof. Dr. phil. Ralf Vogel, Ingolstadt, explains. The same applies here: "Unactivated problem areas cannot be changed" (Znoj 2004). Problems are updated in the therapeutic relationship, with confrontation and imagination procedures as well as in role play. Vogel adds modern variants to the “classic” exposure method, such as “Narrative Exposure Therapy” (NET), which is used in traumatized people, and “Virtual Exposure Therapy” (VRET). According to Vogel, since interactional behavior therapy (e.g. Grawe 2005) takes into account the client's implicit relationship wishes, the idea of the unconscious finds its way into behavior therapy. The schema therapy also works with "impact techniques" (for example Calzoni 2015), which illustrate models and concepts to the client using objects, symbols and metaphors as "impressively" as possible and are intended to support them with changes. Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy (IRRT) (Schmucker / Köster) has developed from cognitive behavioral therapy and is used for the specific treatment of traumatized people. Their effectiveness corresponds roughly to that of the EMDR procedure (Eye Movement Desenzitization and Reprocessing) (Alliger-Horn et al. 2015).
Are conflict-oriented treatment concepts perhaps obsolete today? And what is conflict-oriented therapy? One thing is clear: without motives there are no conflicts, as Prof. Dr. phil. Cord Benecke, Kassel, explains. According to Freud, the motives are based on drives. But in 1905 he himself considered the instincts to be “the most significant, but also the most unfinished piece of psychoanalytic theory”. Benecke opposes the "drive theory rescue attempts" (Kernberg, Lorenzer, Fonagy) with the model of an emotion theory. Affects are not to be equated with motives, but there is close connection. And motivation theory beyond the drives focuses on attachment, for example. Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostics (OPD) speaks of “persistent conflictual motivational issues”. Other clinical models (e.g. Gra-we, Sachse, Young) also emphasize the long-term existence if central motives are not satisfied. According to Benecke, “basic motivational systems” as well as early relationship experiences and affects continue to have an effect as schemes or representations, in regulatory processes and as patterns of experience and behavior. His conclusion: theories about unconscious motivational conflicts are cross-process. Prof. em. Dr. med. Dieter Bürgin, Basel, calls for intrapsychic conflicts not to be “depersonalized”, but to be viewed as conflict-laden relationship.
Update problems
Behavior therapy works with concrete and operationalized goals and focuses its attention on triggering and sustaining conditions, as Prof. Dr. phil. Ralf Vogel, Ingolstadt, explains. The same applies here: "Unactivated problem areas cannot be changed" (Znoj 2004). Problems are updated in the therapeutic relationship, with confrontation and imagination procedures as well as in role play. Vogel adds modern variants to the “classic” exposure method, such as “Narrative Exposure Therapy” (NET), which is used in traumatized people, and “Virtual Exposure Therapy” (VRET). According to Vogel, since interactional behavior therapy (e.g. Grawe 2005) takes into account the client's implicit relationship wishes, the idea of the unconscious finds its way into behavior therapy. The schema therapy also works with "impact techniques" (for example Calzoni 2015), which illustrate models and concepts to the client using objects, symbols and metaphors as "impressively" as possible and are intended to support them with changes. Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy (IRRT) (Schmucker / Köster) has developed from cognitive behavioral therapy and is used for the specific treatment of traumatized people. Their effectiveness corresponds roughly to that of the EMDR procedure (Eye Movement Desenzitization and Reprocessing) (Alliger-Horn et al. 2015).
Are conflict-oriented treatment concepts perhaps obsolete today? And what is conflict-oriented therapy? One thing is clear: without motives there are no conflicts, as Prof. Dr. phil. Cord Benecke, Kassel, explains. According to Freud, the motives are based on drives. But in 1905 he himself considered the instincts to be “the most significant, but also the most unfinished piece of psychoanalytic theory”. Benecke opposes the "drive theory rescue attempts" (Kernberg, Lorenzer, Fonagy) with the model of an emotion theory. Affects are not to be equated with motives, but there is close connection. And motivation theory beyond the drives focuses on attachment, for example. Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostics (OPD) speaks of “persistent conflictual motivational issues”. Other clinical models (e.g. Gra-we, Sachse, Young) also emphasize the long-term existence if central motives are not satisfied. According to Benecke, “basic motivational systems” as well as early relationship experiences and affects continue to have an effect as schemes or representations, in regulatory processes and as patterns of experience and behavior. His conclusion: theories about unconscious motivational conflicts are cross-process. Prof. em. Dr. med. Dieter Bürgin, Basel, calls for intrapsychic conflicts not to be “depersonalized”, but to be viewed as conflict-laden relationship.And for Prof. Dr. med. Michael Ermann, Munich, conflict-centered concepts are still relevant as long as they do not occur ideologically.
Scheme concepts
The concept of the schema as Young uses it has developed from cognitive behavioral therapy developed. Maladaptive schemas are therefore enduring life themes that develop further in the course of life starting from childhood and control experience and behavior. According to Prof. Dr. phil. Franz Caspar, Bern, schema concepts in psychotherapy serve to reduce complexity. PD Dr. phil. Gitta Jacob, Hamburg, sees the advantage of schema therapy in that it is easy to learn, even for beginners, and long experience-based learning is not necessary. The pragmatic, flexible model is easy to convey and patients can identify with it. And the limits of the procedure are easily addressable. What initially appears as an "Axis I symptom" can turn out to be personality disorder in the course of the process, and then schema therapy also takes time. In the discussion, this procedure seems to be very technical and distant to some and does not take sufficient account of the therapeutic relationship. Jacob makes it clear: Without emotion-activating techniques, it is not question of schema therapy. This procedure works on conflicts, for example in the "chair dialogue".
Those who wanted could talk to Prof. Dr. phil. Alexandra Pontzen, Essen, take an enriching look at “literary conflicts and poetic schemata”. For the first time this year there was continuous lecture on music: Prof. Dr. med. Luise Reddemann, Cologne, and Prof. Dr. med. Peer Abilgaard, Duisburg, treated "Music as model for solution: conflicts in music, conflicts through music" with many audio examples.
Christof Goddemeier
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